Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks/Encephaloceles

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear, colorless fluid that surrounds the brain for protection. Defects in the barrier between the brain and sinuses may result in a spinal fluid leak through the nose. Protusion of brain tissue through the defect results in an encephalocele. CSF leaks and encephaloceles occur spontaneously or because of trauma. Patient's typically experience clear drainage from the nose, worsened with bending, straining or exercise. CSF leaks may cause serious complications such as meningitis (inflammation of the brain membranes) or pneumocephalus (air in the brain). Traditionally, CSF leaks and encephaloceles were repaired by creating large skull incisions, removing bone flaps, retracting the brain, finding and finally repairing the leak. Newer, minimally invasive endoscopic techniques enable the surgeon to find and repair these leaks through the patient's nose. Patient's experience decreased blood loss, minimal pain, quicker recovery, and a shorter hospitalization.